<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<linkbase xmlns='http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase' xmlns:xsi='http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance' xsi:schemaLocation=' http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd' xmlns:xbrldt='http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt' xmlns:xlink='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'>
  <arcroleRef arcroleURI='http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all' xlink:href='http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#all' xlink:type='simple'/>
  <arcroleRef arcroleURI='http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension' xlink:href='http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#hypercube-dimension' xlink:type='simple' />
  <arcroleRef arcroleURI='http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/dimension-domain' xlink:href='http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#dimension-domain' xlink:type='simple' />
  <arcroleRef arcroleURI='http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/domain-member' xlink:href='http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd#domain-member' xlink:type='simple'/>

  <roleRef roleURI='http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link/R1' xlink:href='schema.xsd#R1' xlink:type='simple'/>
  <roleRef roleURI='http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link/R2' xlink:href='schema.xsd#R2' xlink:type='simple'/>

  <definitionLink xlink:role='http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link/R1' xlink:type='extended'>
    <loc xlink:href='schema.xsd#primaryItem' xlink:label='primaryItem' xlink:type='locator'/>
    <loc xlink:href='schema.xsd#hypercube' xlink:label='hypercube' xlink:type='locator'/>
    <loc xlink:href='schema.xsd#dimension' xlink:label='dimension' xlink:type='locator'/>

    <definitionArc xlink:arcrole='http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/all' xlink:from='primaryItem' xlink:to='hypercube' xbrldt:contextElement='segment' xbrldt:targetRole='http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link/R2' xlink:type="arc"/>
    <definitionArc xlink:arcrole='http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension' xlink:from='hypercube' xlink:to='dimension' xlink:type="arc"/>
  </definitionLink>

  <definitionLink xlink:role='http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link/R2' xlink:type='extended'>
    <loc xlink:href='schema.xsd#hypercube' xlink:label='hypercube' xlink:type='locator'/>
    <loc xlink:href='schema.xsd#dimension' xlink:label='dimension' xlink:type='locator'/>

    <definitionArc xlink:arcrole='http://xbrl.org/int/dim/arcrole/hypercube-dimension' xlink:from='hypercube' xlink:to='dimension' xlink:type="arc"/>
  </definitionLink>
</linkbase>
